What is an Arc Chute in circuit breakers?
An arc chute is a critical component in the design of circuit breakers. Its primary function is to efficiently quench and extinguish the arc that is formed when the circuit breaker interrupts the flow of current. It is typically made up of a series of parallel metal plates, often made of a material like copper or steel, which are separated by insulating material.
Working Principle
When a circuit breaker operates to interrupt the flow of current, an electrical arc is formed between the contacts of the breaker. This arc can cause significant damage to the contacts and other components of the breaker if not properly managed.
The arc chute directs and guides this arc through a series of plates, creating a path that allows the arc to lengthen and cool rapidly. The division of the arc into smaller segments aids in deionization and prevents re-ignition, ensuring a swift and effective interruption of the current.
Functions of an Arc Chute
The primary function of an arc chute is to extinguish the electrical arc formed during the operation of a circuit breaker. However, it also serves several other important functions:
- Arc control: The arc chute controls the movement and shape of the arc, forcing it to take a longer path and thereby aiding in its extinction.
- Cooling: The metal plates of the arc chute help to cool the arc, further aiding in its extinction.
- Prevention of Arc restrike: By extinguishing the arc, the arc chute helps to prevent arc restrike, a phenomenon where the arc reignites after being extinguished.
By controlling and extinguishing the electrical arc, they prevent damage to the breaker’s components and ensure the reliable interruption of current flow.