Factors affecting shape and size of hysteresis loop

The hysteresis loop is a graph that shows the relationship between the magnetic field strength (H) and the magnetization (M) of a ferromagnetic material. The shape and size of the hysteresis loop are affected by several factors, including:

1. The type of ferromagnetic material: Different materials exhibit different levels of magnetization and remanence, which affect the shape and size of the hysteresis loop.
2. The magnitude of the applied magnetic field: A stronger applied magnetic field will result in a larger hysteresis loop.
3. The frequency of the applied magnetic field: If the frequency of the applied magnetic field is increased, the hysteresis loop will become smaller.
4. The temperature: As the temperature increases, the hysteresis loop will become smaller and more rounded. This is because the thermal energy causes the magnetic domains to rotate and become more disordered, reducing the remanence and magnetization of the material.
5. The mechanical stress: The mechanical stress applied to a ferromagnetic material will also affect the shape and size of the hysteresis loop. Stress can cause the loop to become larger and more elongated.
6. The type of processing the material has undergone: The shape and size of the hysteresis loop can be changed by the processing the material has undergone, such as heat treatment, cold working, etc.

In summary, the shape and size of the hysteresis loop are determined by the properties of the ferromagnetic material, the magnitude and frequency of the applied magnetic field, the temperature, the mechanical stress, and the type of processing the material has undergone.